Propuesta metodológica para la ubicación de áreas de disposición de residuos sólidos urbanos

A methodology aimed at locating safe environmental sites for the disposal of Urban Solid Waste is proposed, such disposal must comply with the requirements of the Official Mexican Norm NOM-083-SEMARNAT-2003. This norm includes: damage to public projects (highways, airports, oil ducts, gas ducts, electric energy poles and natural protected areas), shortest distances to towns, bodies of water, flooding areas, geological fault, unstable landslides and hydrogeology. This research project was performed in the lowland region of Michoacán covering the municipalities of Zináparo, Numarán, Penjamillo, Ecuandero, Churintzio and La Piedad. The factors taken into account were: aquifer vulnerability, use soil, fracturing density, urban and industrial infrastructure and flooding areas. The analysis of each of the above factors was done in 0.25 Km² areas. Each factor was assigned a range and weight, which was then integrated into normalized ranges in a 0-1 scale. The weights varied from 1 to 5 representing the influence on the environmental and social impact of the considered factor, being 5 de most relevant and 1 the least influential. The processing of information required algebra of maps, to obtain as a final product, a parametric map named Environmental Risk Index (ERI). The resulting values were in the 16- 160 range. Thus, six risk environmental levels were proposed: Extremely high, very high, high, mid, low and very low.