TY - JOUR
T1 - Antimony Recovery from Recycled Terminals of Lead-Acid Batteries with Na2Co3 and Sic after the Formation of Sb2O3
AU - Jiménez-Lugos, J. C.
AU - Sánchez-Alvarado, R. G.
AU - Cruz-Ramírez, A.
AU - Romero-Serrano, J. A.
AU - Hernández-Ramírez, A.
AU - Rivera-Salinas, J. E.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Terminals obtained from spent lead-acid batteries in Mexico contain around 2 wt% Sb. The terminals were melted in an electric furnace and then oxygen was injected at 750 °C with a gas flow rate of 2 L/min to produce high purity Sb2O3. The antimony trioxide obtained was treated with a mixture of Na2CO3-SiC at 1000 °C to obtain metallic antimony. The antimony trioxide was reduced by C present in reagents while silicon and sodium formed a slag phase. The amounts of Sb2O3 and SiC were held constant while the Na2CO3 was evaluated in the range from 30 to 42 wt%. The produced antimony and slag were characterized by the X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS techniques. The addition of 34 wt% Na2CO3 led to the recovery of antimony up to 90.16 wt% (99.57 wt% purity) and the lowest antimony losses in the slag (2 wt%). In addition, the compounds Na2SiO3 and Na2Si2O5 formed in the slag indicated a more stable slag. Na2CO3 contents higher than 38 wt% decreased the antimony recovery since Na2Sb4O7 compound was promoted in the slag. The oxidation and reduction process was modeled in FactSage 7.3 software for a better understanding of the Na2CO3 and SiC additions on the antimony recovery rates and compounds formed in the slag.
AB - Terminals obtained from spent lead-acid batteries in Mexico contain around 2 wt% Sb. The terminals were melted in an electric furnace and then oxygen was injected at 750 °C with a gas flow rate of 2 L/min to produce high purity Sb2O3. The antimony trioxide obtained was treated with a mixture of Na2CO3-SiC at 1000 °C to obtain metallic antimony. The antimony trioxide was reduced by C present in reagents while silicon and sodium formed a slag phase. The amounts of Sb2O3 and SiC were held constant while the Na2CO3 was evaluated in the range from 30 to 42 wt%. The produced antimony and slag were characterized by the X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS techniques. The addition of 34 wt% Na2CO3 led to the recovery of antimony up to 90.16 wt% (99.57 wt% purity) and the lowest antimony losses in the slag (2 wt%). In addition, the compounds Na2SiO3 and Na2Si2O5 formed in the slag indicated a more stable slag. Na2CO3 contents higher than 38 wt% decreased the antimony recovery since Na2Sb4O7 compound was promoted in the slag. The oxidation and reduction process was modeled in FactSage 7.3 software for a better understanding of the Na2CO3 and SiC additions on the antimony recovery rates and compounds formed in the slag.
KW - Antimony
KW - Batteries
KW - Reduction
KW - Slag
KW - Thermodynamic
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85124526195&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2298/JMMB210616052J
DO - 10.2298/JMMB210616052J
M3 - Artículo
AN - SCOPUS:85124526195
SN - 1450-5339
VL - 58
SP - 97
EP - 108
JO - Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy
JF - Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy
IS - 1
ER -