In vitro and in vivo antidiabetic and antiglycation properties of apium graveolens in type 1 and 2 diabetic rats

In this study the antidiabetic and antiglycation effects of Apium graveolens was evaluated. S'treptozotozin-induced diabetic rats type 1 and 2 were orally treated with chloroform extract (AG-C) for 30 days. The extract (400 mg kg-1) showed good oral glucose tolerance test, effect in both normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic rats, an antioxidant effect decreasing in the serum level of TBARS and gave its optimum antioxidant enzymes, in liver, kidney and pancreas, decrease levels of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, reduced total cholesterol, low-density cholesterol and triglycerides, while increased high-density cholesterol, aspartate, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total protein and insulin in serum and pancreas. Also protected RIN-5F cells from AGEs-induced oxidative stress. Gluconeogenic enzymes was significantly increased while hexokinase was decreased in the liver along with glycogen. The AG-C have a significant anti-glycative activity in vitro and it can also effectively protect the BSA during glycation. Their capacity to scavenge methylglyoxal suggested carbonyl scavenging as a major mechanism of antiglycation and showed potent Amadorin activity when compared to aminoguanidine. The AG-C after 30 days of treatment had beneficial effects on renal metabolic abnormalities, including oxidative stress and AGE formation. Results, support that AG-C improves glucose metabolism by reducing insulin resistance and stimulating insulin production by protecting pancreatic [3-cells from oxidative stress, inhibits lipid abnormalities and have a hepatoprotective and renalprotective role. The close relationship between lipid peroxidation and nonenzymatic protein glycation (AGEs/ALEs) suggests that the antidiabetic activity of the celeiy could be due to the synergistic effect of antioxidant activity and antiglycation activity.