Calidad química del agua subterránea y superficial en la cuenca del Río Duero, Michoacán

This work describes the chemical quality of groundwater and surface water resources in the Duero River basin. The groundwater was analyzed by a hydrogeochemical study of 97 water sources (20 springs and 76 wells) during the dry season. The Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) was used for 35 surface water sites, with eight variables divided according to springs and the river. The overall groundwater quality was good and was associated with the basin's rocks and geology. The predominant class was C1-S1, with low salinity and sodium, useful for most crops and any soil types, with no risks due to salinity and sodicity. Based on the NSFWQI values obtained for potable water, most of the springs were classified as contaminated, except for the Carapan spring (excellent quality, 92 points). On the main river channel, with agriculture use, 75% of the sites were determined to be contaminated and the rest slightly contaminated. The comparison of nitrates over 20 years presented a statistically significant difference (F = 15.73, p = 0.0001), indicating a significant increase in nutrients in the river. Finally, despite a positive water balance, the increasing deterioration in the quality of the water in the river leads to groundwater extraction and the resulting overexploitation of the aquifer.