Fluid dynamics of vortex formation in tundish operations: Physical modelling

The present study focuses on the fluid dynamics of vortex formation in tundish operations using a physical water analogue model and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The aim is to get fundamental knowledge of the nature of vortex formation that clearly represents this flow phenomenon. The results indicate that vortex formation is directly related to the highly turbulent flows present in the tundish. Great changes of velocity fields during short times and large distances between the upper edge of the dam and the free surface of the bath enhance the formation of vortex flows. Therefore, increasing tundish capacity does not guarantee steel cleanliness through long residence times if the dam height is not adjusted to the new level of liquid in the tundish.