TY - JOUR
T1 - Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in HIV Co-infected Individuals
T2 - Current Status, Challenges and Opportunities for the Future
AU - Méndez-Samperio, P.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Foundation for the Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
PY - 2017/8
Y1 - 2017/8
N2 - Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most important causes of death among people co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The diagnosis of TB remains challenging in HIV co-infected individuals, due to a high frequency of smear-negative disease and high rates of extrapulmonary TB. Accurate, ease of use and rapid diagnosis of active TB are critical to the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy by 2050. Traditional laboratory techniques do not provide rapid and accurate results to effectively manage HIV co-infected patients. Over the last decade, molecular methods have provided significant steps in the fight against TB. However, many HIV co-infected patients do not have access to these molecular diagnostic tests. Given the costs closely related with confirming a TB diagnosis in HIV patients, an overtreatment for TB is used in this patient population. Nowadays, an estimated US $8 billion a year is required to provide TB treatment, which is very high compared with making an important strategy to improve the current diagnostic tests. This review focuses on current advances in diagnosing active TB with an emphasis on the diagnosis of HIV-associated TB. Also discussed are the main challenges that need to be overcome for improving an adequate initial diagnosis of active TB in HIV-positive patients.
AB - Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most important causes of death among people co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The diagnosis of TB remains challenging in HIV co-infected individuals, due to a high frequency of smear-negative disease and high rates of extrapulmonary TB. Accurate, ease of use and rapid diagnosis of active TB are critical to the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy by 2050. Traditional laboratory techniques do not provide rapid and accurate results to effectively manage HIV co-infected patients. Over the last decade, molecular methods have provided significant steps in the fight against TB. However, many HIV co-infected patients do not have access to these molecular diagnostic tests. Given the costs closely related with confirming a TB diagnosis in HIV patients, an overtreatment for TB is used in this patient population. Nowadays, an estimated US $8 billion a year is required to provide TB treatment, which is very high compared with making an important strategy to improve the current diagnostic tests. This review focuses on current advances in diagnosing active TB with an emphasis on the diagnosis of HIV-associated TB. Also discussed are the main challenges that need to be overcome for improving an adequate initial diagnosis of active TB in HIV-positive patients.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85024116042&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/sji.12567
DO - 10.1111/sji.12567
M3 - Artículo de revisión
C2 - 28513865
SN - 0300-9475
VL - 86
SP - 76
EP - 82
JO - Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
JF - Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
IS - 2
ER -