TY - JOUR
T1 - Antioxidant Effect of Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima on Chronic Inflammation Induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant in Rats
AU - Gutiérrez-Rebolledo, Gabriel Alfonso
AU - Galar-Martínez, Marcela
AU - García-Rodríguez, Rosa Virginia
AU - Chamorro-Cevallos, Germán A.
AU - Hernández-Reyes, Ana Gabriela
AU - Martínez-Galero, Elizdath
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2015, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2015.
PY - 2015/8/1
Y1 - 2015/8/1
N2 - One of the major mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation is the excessive production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, and therefore, oxidative stress. Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima has marked antioxidant activity in vivo and in vitro, as well as anti-inflammatory activity in certain experimental models, the latter activity being mediated probably by the antioxidant activity of this cyanobacterium. In the present study, chronic inflammation was induced through injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) in rats treated daily with Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima for 2 weeks beginning on day 14. Joint diameter, body temperature, and motor capacity were assessed each week. On days 0 and 28, total and differential leukocyte counts and serum oxidative damage were determined, the latter by assessing lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content. At the end of the study, oxidative damage to joints was likewise evaluated. Results show that S. maxima favors increased mobility, as well as body temperature regulation, and a number of circulating leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes in specimens with CFA-induced chronic inflammation and also protects against oxidative damage in joint tissue as well as serum. In conclusion, the protection afforded by S. maxima against development of chronic inflammation is due to its antioxidant activity.
AB - One of the major mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation is the excessive production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, and therefore, oxidative stress. Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima has marked antioxidant activity in vivo and in vitro, as well as anti-inflammatory activity in certain experimental models, the latter activity being mediated probably by the antioxidant activity of this cyanobacterium. In the present study, chronic inflammation was induced through injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) in rats treated daily with Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima for 2 weeks beginning on day 14. Joint diameter, body temperature, and motor capacity were assessed each week. On days 0 and 28, total and differential leukocyte counts and serum oxidative damage were determined, the latter by assessing lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content. At the end of the study, oxidative damage to joints was likewise evaluated. Results show that S. maxima favors increased mobility, as well as body temperature regulation, and a number of circulating leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes in specimens with CFA-induced chronic inflammation and also protects against oxidative damage in joint tissue as well as serum. In conclusion, the protection afforded by S. maxima against development of chronic inflammation is due to its antioxidant activity.
KW - Freund's complete adjuvant
KW - Spirulina (Arthrospira) maxima
KW - antioxidant effect
KW - chronic inflammation
KW - oxidative damage
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84937862648&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1089/jmf.2014.0117
DO - 10.1089/jmf.2014.0117
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 25599112
SN - 1096-620X
VL - 18
SP - 865
EP - 871
JO - Journal of Medicinal Food
JF - Journal of Medicinal Food
IS - 8
ER -