TY - JOUR
T1 - A practical approach to monitoring marine protected areas an application to el bajo espíritu santo seamount near la paz, mexico
AU - Villalobos, Héctor
AU - Zwolinski, Juan P.
AU - Godínez-Pérez, Carlos A.
AU - González-Máynez, Violeta E.
AU - Manini-Ramos, Fernando
AU - Mayorga-Martínez, Melissa
AU - Michaels, William L.
AU - Palacios-Higuera, Mitzi S.
AU - Rubio-Rodríguez, Uriel
AU - Sarmiento-Lezcano, Airam N.
AU - Demer, David A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The survey and data analyses for this study were conducted during a one-week “Workshop on Acoustic-Optical Surveys,” funded by the NOAA Fisheries Advanced Sampling Technologies Program, and hosted at CICIMAR-IPN in La Paz, BCS, Mexico (April 20–27, 2018). Cesar Salinas-Zavala and Eduardo Balart (CIBNOR, SC) contributed BIP XII ship time for the survey. Lars N. Andersen (SIMRAD) and Toby Jarvis (Echoview) provided remote assistance and instruction to Mexican participants. Leonardo Figueroa-Albornoz (Kongsberg Mexico) assisted with logistics during the survey. José Manuel Borges-Souza (CICIMAR-IPN) guided the dive. The EK80 Portable used for collecting bathymetry data in April 2019 was lent by Kongsberg Maritime as part of a testing program for a low-cost scientific echo-sounder suitable for shallow water work across a wide range of applications. To enable his participation in this work, HV received grants from the SNI (CONACYT), and COFAA and EDI programs from IPN.
Funding Information:
The survey and data analyses for this study were con-ducted during a one-week ?Workshop on Acoustic-Optical Surveys,? funded by the NOAA Fisheries Advanced Sampling Technologies Program, and hosted at CICIMAR-IPN in La Paz, BCS, Mexico (April 20?27, 2018). Cesar Salinas-Zavala and Eduardo Balart (CIBNOR, SC) contributed BIP XII ship time for the survey. Lars N. Andersen (SIMRAD) and Toby Jarvis (Echoview) provided remote assistance and instruction to Mexican participants. Leonardo Figueroa-Albornoz (Kongsberg Mexico) assisted with logistics during the survey. Jos? Manuel Borges-Souza (CICIMAR-IPN) guided the dive. The EK80 Portable used for collecting bathymetry data in April 2019 was lent by Kongsberg Maritime as part of a testing program for a low-cost scientific echo-sounder suitable for shallow water work across a wide range of applications. To enable his participa-tion in this work, HV received grants from the SNI (CONACYT), and COFAA and EDI programs from IPN.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, Oceanography Society. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - Worldwide, marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly created to protect and restore selected parts of the ocean and to enhance recreation, fishing, and sustainable resources. However, this process has outpaced the development and imple-mentation of methods for assessing and monitoring these habitats. Here, we combine data from an echosounder, a conductivity-temperature-depth probe, and underwater cameras to efficiently survey El Bajo Espíritu Santo Seamount, located in the southwest Gulf of California, Mexico. Results include a bathymetric map detailing a ridge with three peaks; oceanographic profiles showing a 35 m deep mixed layer and anoxic con-ditions below 200 m; mean target strength estimates for Pacific creolefish, Paranthias colonus (–34.8 dB re 1 m2, for mean total length ~33 cm), and finescale triggerfish, Balistes polylepis (–39.8 dB re 1 m2, 38 cm); baseline estimates of biomass for both species (55.7 t, 95% CI = 30.3–81.2 t and 38.9 t, 95% CI = 21.1–56.6 t, respectively) found only in the oxygenated water near the top of the seamount; and indications that these reef fishes grazed on zooplankton in the mixed layer. We conclude that acoustic-optical sampling is a practical approach for obtaining baseline information on MPAs and to efficiently monitor changes resulting from natural and anthropogenic processes.
AB - Worldwide, marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly created to protect and restore selected parts of the ocean and to enhance recreation, fishing, and sustainable resources. However, this process has outpaced the development and imple-mentation of methods for assessing and monitoring these habitats. Here, we combine data from an echosounder, a conductivity-temperature-depth probe, and underwater cameras to efficiently survey El Bajo Espíritu Santo Seamount, located in the southwest Gulf of California, Mexico. Results include a bathymetric map detailing a ridge with three peaks; oceanographic profiles showing a 35 m deep mixed layer and anoxic con-ditions below 200 m; mean target strength estimates for Pacific creolefish, Paranthias colonus (–34.8 dB re 1 m2, for mean total length ~33 cm), and finescale triggerfish, Balistes polylepis (–39.8 dB re 1 m2, 38 cm); baseline estimates of biomass for both species (55.7 t, 95% CI = 30.3–81.2 t and 38.9 t, 95% CI = 21.1–56.6 t, respectively) found only in the oxygenated water near the top of the seamount; and indications that these reef fishes grazed on zooplankton in the mixed layer. We conclude that acoustic-optical sampling is a practical approach for obtaining baseline information on MPAs and to efficiently monitor changes resulting from natural and anthropogenic processes.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85114472005&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5670/oceanog.2021.303
DO - 10.5670/oceanog.2021.303
M3 - Artículo
AN - SCOPUS:85114472005
SN - 1042-8275
VL - 34
SP - 32
EP - 43
JO - Oceanography
JF - Oceanography
IS - 3
ER -