TY - JOUR
T1 - 10,000-times diluted doses of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides can permanently change the metabolomic fingerprint of susceptible Avena fatua L. plants
AU - Tafoya-Razo, J. António
AU - Oregel-Zamudio, Ernesto
AU - Velázquez-Márquez, Sabina
AU - Torres-García, Jesús R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2019/10
Y1 - 2019/10
N2 - Intentional use of low dosage of herbicides has been considered the cause of non-target resistance in weeds. However, herbicide drift could be a source of low dosage that could be detected by weeds and change their metabolism. Furthermore, the minimum dose that a plant can detect in the environment is unknown, and it is unclear whether low doses could modify the response of weeds when they are first exposed to herbicides (priming effects). In this study, we determined the metabolomic fingerprinting using GC-MS of susceptible Avena fatua L. plants exposed to a gradient of doses (1, 0.1, 0.001, 0.0001, and 0x) relative to the recommended dose of clodinafop-propargyl. Additionally, we evaluated the primed plants when they received a second herbicide application. The results showed that even a 10,000-fold dilution of the recommended dose could induce a significant change in the plants’ metabolism and that this change is permanent over the biological cycle. There was no evidence that priming increased its resistance level. However, hormesis increased biomass accumulation and survival in A. fatua plants. Better application methods which prevent herbicide drift should be developed in order to avoid contact with weeds that grow around the crop fields.
AB - Intentional use of low dosage of herbicides has been considered the cause of non-target resistance in weeds. However, herbicide drift could be a source of low dosage that could be detected by weeds and change their metabolism. Furthermore, the minimum dose that a plant can detect in the environment is unknown, and it is unclear whether low doses could modify the response of weeds when they are first exposed to herbicides (priming effects). In this study, we determined the metabolomic fingerprinting using GC-MS of susceptible Avena fatua L. plants exposed to a gradient of doses (1, 0.1, 0.001, 0.0001, and 0x) relative to the recommended dose of clodinafop-propargyl. Additionally, we evaluated the primed plants when they received a second herbicide application. The results showed that even a 10,000-fold dilution of the recommended dose could induce a significant change in the plants’ metabolism and that this change is permanent over the biological cycle. There was no evidence that priming increased its resistance level. However, hormesis increased biomass accumulation and survival in A. fatua plants. Better application methods which prevent herbicide drift should be developed in order to avoid contact with weeds that grow around the crop fields.
KW - GC-MS
KW - Hormesis
KW - Non-target metabolomics
KW - Non-target site resistance
KW - Priming
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85073471291&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/plants8100368
DO - 10.3390/plants8100368
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 31554224
AN - SCOPUS:85073471291
SN - 2223-7747
VL - 8
JO - Plants
JF - Plants
IS - 10
M1 - 368
ER -