Variabilidad temporal (1966-2020) del ensamble de peces e hidrometeorología de la laguna de Tampamachoco, Veracruz, México: antes y durante el escenario COVID-19: Temporal variability (1966-2020) of the fish assemblage and hydrometeorology of the Tampamachoco lagoon, Veracruz, Mexico: pre and during COVID-19 scenario

Environmental changes have been associated with natural climatic variability and/or human activity. External forcing as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) have implications in the global and regional hydrological balance. Previous data in the Tampamachoco lagoon, in Mexico, for the past 54 years, shows changes in the fish assemblage. Therefore, in the present study, a time series of water temperature from 1922 to 2020 data was processed detecting periodic cycles of 34 and 17 years. Additionally, multivariate analyses of the historical data from the fish assemblage from the past 54 years and 2020 were correlated with temperature anomaly and NAO; moreover, fishery catches were correlated to climatic events. Furthermore, a survey was made in 2020 to local fisheries to assess the socioeconomic impact of the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Tampamachoco lagoon is facing multiple stressors such as: climate variability and human activities that are leading to a collapsing ecosystem with low resilience.