Tratamiento nutricional hiperproteico precirugía bariátrica en obesidad mórbida

Objective: Compare the effectiveness of a hyperproteic hypocaloric feeding plan with a normoproteic on body composition, biochemical parameters and inflammatory cytokines in obese pre-bariatric surgery patients in the integral treatment. Method: Seventy-six pre-bariatric surgery patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m² were studied. One group was treated with a hyperproteic hypocaloric diet and compared with a normoproteic hypocaloric diet. Biochemical parameters, anthropometric parameters, body composition and levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in serum were evaluated at the initiation of treatment and after 4 months. results: In both groups studied, a decrease in weight, BMI and fat mass was observed, as well as an increase in muscle mass compared to baseline (p < 0.05), no differences showed between the groups studied. No change was found in the biochemical parameters and serum levels of TNF and IL-6 before and after 4 months of treatment, nor among the groups evaluated (p > 0.05). Serum IL-1β levels decreased after treatment with only a normoprotein hypocaloric diet (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Hyperproteic hypocaloric diet does not show advantages in weight reduction and body fat or in muscle mass gain compared to the normoproteic hypocaloric diet in patients with morbid obesity bariatric pre-surgery in the integral treatment.