TY - JOUR
T1 - Simulation of bullet fragmentation and penetration in granular media
AU - Soriano-Moranchel, Froylan Alonso
AU - Sandoval-Pineda, Juan Manuel
AU - Gutiérrez-Paredes, Guadalupe Juliana
AU - Silva-Rivera, Usiel Sandino
AU - Flores-Herrera, Luis Armando
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2020/11/2
Y1 - 2020/11/2
N2 - The aim of this work is to simulate the fragmentation of bullets impacted through granular media, in this case, sand. In order to validate the simulation, a group of experiments were conducted with the sand contained in two different box prototypes. The walls of the first box were constructed with fiberglass and the second with plywood. The prototypes were subjected to the impact force of bullets fired 15 m away from the box. After the shots, X-ray photographs were taken to observe the penetration depth. Transient numerical analyses were conducted to simulate these physical phenomena by using the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) module of ANSYS® 2019 AUTODYN software. Advantageously, this module considers the granular media as a group of uniform particles capable of transferring kinetic energy during the elastic collision component of an impact. The experimental results demonstrated a reduction in the maximum bullet kinetic energy of 2750 J to 100 J in 0.8 ms. The numerical results compared with the X-ray photographs showed similar results demonstrating the capability of sand to dissipate kinetic energy and the fragmentation of the bullet caused at the moment of impact.
AB - The aim of this work is to simulate the fragmentation of bullets impacted through granular media, in this case, sand. In order to validate the simulation, a group of experiments were conducted with the sand contained in two different box prototypes. The walls of the first box were constructed with fiberglass and the second with plywood. The prototypes were subjected to the impact force of bullets fired 15 m away from the box. After the shots, X-ray photographs were taken to observe the penetration depth. Transient numerical analyses were conducted to simulate these physical phenomena by using the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) module of ANSYS® 2019 AUTODYN software. Advantageously, this module considers the granular media as a group of uniform particles capable of transferring kinetic energy during the elastic collision component of an impact. The experimental results demonstrated a reduction in the maximum bullet kinetic energy of 2750 J to 100 J in 0.8 ms. The numerical results compared with the X-ray photographs showed similar results demonstrating the capability of sand to dissipate kinetic energy and the fragmentation of the bullet caused at the moment of impact.
KW - Bullet penetration
KW - Energy dissipation
KW - Granular media
KW - Impact
KW - Sand
KW - Transient analysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85096427365&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ma13225243
DO - 10.3390/ma13225243
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 33233588
AN - SCOPUS:85096427365
SN - 1996-1944
VL - 13
SP - 1
EP - 13
JO - Materials
JF - Materials
IS - 22
M1 - 5243
ER -