Particle-induced damage effects on extreme UV (13.5-nm) source collector mirror optics

J. P. Allain, B. Holybee, M. List, A. Kacic, M. Nieto-Perez, M. R. Hendricks

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light at 13.5 nm is a candidate for advanced optical lithography where sub-32 nm features will spawn the next generation of microchips. Plasma-based Sn sources have been used to generate EUV light, but debris contamination and damage limits the life expectancy of plasma-facing collector optics. Although mitigation systems reduce the amount of vapor, thermal and energetic particles still reach mirror surfaces. Three Rh mirror samples were exposed to thermal Sn (14.7-nA) and energetic 1 keV Xe+ (12-nA, 120-nA, and 1.2-uA) particles for 36 minutes and three Ru samples were exposed to thermal Sn (14.7-nA) and energetic Xe+ (100eV, 500eV, and 1000eV). In-situ measurements of EUV reflectivity and surface composition were correlated with ex-situ morphology investigations. For the Rh mirrors, a combination of 14.7-nA thermal Sn and 1.2-uA energetic Xe+ reduced mirror reflectivity by only 18.7%, as opposed to the 48.5% and 41.7% decreases observed with 120-nA and 12-nA energetic Xe+, respectively. For the Ru mirrors, the higher 1000eV Xe+ irradiation lowered the reflectivity by 41.6%, while the 500eV and 100eV energy decreased the reflectivity by 44.9% and 51.4% respectively. In-situ low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEISS) monitored the Sn surface fraction. For Rh samples irradiated with 120-nA and 12-nA energetic Xe+, the fraction was 1 throughout the experiment. The third sample (1.2-uA) initially had a 0.71 surface fraction, which increased towards 1, dropped to 0.48 after 18 minutes, and then continued rising to 0.8 after 36 minutes. The drop suggests a threshold, where perhaps surface structure abruptly changed, that was too high for the other samples to cross. The results imply that at certain fluences, debris bombardment may not be as detrimental to collector mirror EUV reflectivity as at others. For the Ru samples, the Sn surface fraction jumped to 100% for the sample irradiated at 100eV Xe+, to 85% for the 500eV case, and 75% for the 1keV case. The reflectivity was worse with the 100eV sample, with a drop of 51.4%, while the 500eV and 1keV had drops of 44.9% and 41.6%, respectively. Morphology analyses with an atomic force microscope at Purdue University's Radiation Surface and Interface Science Laboratory revealed that the morphology of the mirror surface plays a key role in the reflectivity performance of the Rh and Ru mirrors.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationDamage to VUV, EUV, and X-Ray Optics III
DOIs
StatePublished - 2011
Externally publishedYes
EventDamage to VUV, EUV, and X-Ray Optics III - Prague, Czech Republic
Duration: 18 Apr 201120 Apr 2011

Publication series

NameProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume8077
ISSN (Print)0277-786X

Conference

ConferenceDamage to VUV, EUV, and X-Ray Optics III
Country/TerritoryCzech Republic
CityPrague
Period18/04/1120/04/11

Keywords

  • Atomic force microscopy
  • EUV reflectivity
  • Grazing incidence collector
  • Ruthenium
  • Sn debris
  • Sputtering

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