TY - CHAP
T1 - Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment
AU - SanJuan-Reyes, Nely
AU - Gómez-Oliván, Leobardo Manuel
AU - Islas-Flores, Hariz
AU - Galar-Martínez, Marcela
AU - García-Medina, Sandra
AU - Dublán-García, Octavio
AU - Hernández-Navarro, María Dolores
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Springer International Publishing AG.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Roughly 4,000 pharmaceuticals are manufactured and marketed in the world for use in the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of diverse diseases in humans and animals. Once their role in body systems has been accomplished, these compounds are excreted from the body, having aquatic ecosystems as their final destination. Pharmaceuticals are also released into the environment as a result of manufacturing processes and inadequate disposal of unused or expired medications. The environmental concentrations that have been detected in water systems are usually at trace levels (ng L−1 to μg L−1) since removal in sewage treatment plants is not significant for most pharmaceuticals as these facilities have not been designed to reduce or eliminate these contaminants, representing instead a continuous contribution to the environment. Effluents have been identified as the main entry route of pharmaceuticals into the environment. This chapter aims to review, compile, and analyze research studies on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment.
AB - Roughly 4,000 pharmaceuticals are manufactured and marketed in the world for use in the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of diverse diseases in humans and animals. Once their role in body systems has been accomplished, these compounds are excreted from the body, having aquatic ecosystems as their final destination. Pharmaceuticals are also released into the environment as a result of manufacturing processes and inadequate disposal of unused or expired medications. The environmental concentrations that have been detected in water systems are usually at trace levels (ng L−1 to μg L−1) since removal in sewage treatment plants is not significant for most pharmaceuticals as these facilities have not been designed to reduce or eliminate these contaminants, representing instead a continuous contribution to the environment. Effluents have been identified as the main entry route of pharmaceuticals into the environment. This chapter aims to review, compile, and analyze research studies on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment.
KW - Environment
KW - Occurrence
KW - Pharmaceuticals
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85049362787&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/698_2017_142
DO - 10.1007/698_2017_142
M3 - Capítulo
AN - SCOPUS:85049362787
T3 - Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
SP - 43
EP - 56
BT - Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
PB - Springer Verlag
ER -