TY - JOUR
T1 - Neuropsychological Alterations in Patients with Congenital Hypothyroidism Treated with Levothyroxine
T2 - Linked Factors and Thyroid Hormone Hyposensitivity
AU - Razón-Hernández, Karla Cristina
AU - Osnaya-Brizuela, Norma
AU - Valenzuela-Peraza, Armando
AU - Ontiveros-Mendoza, Esperanza
AU - Rodríguez-Serrano, Luis Miguel
AU - Pacheco-Rosado, Jorge
AU - Barragán-Mejía, Gerardo
AU - Sánchez-Huerta, Karla
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/6/1
Y1 - 2022/6/1
N2 - Eighty-five percent of the studies of patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) treated with Levothyroxine (L-T4) report neuropsychological sequelae throughout life. In neonates and infants, there is a deficit in sensorimotor skills (impaired balance). In preschool and elementary school children and adolescents, there are alterations in intellectual quotient (low scores), language (delayed phonological acquisition), memory (visual, verbal, visuospatial, visuoconstructive, au-tobiographical, and semantic), sensorimotor skills (impaired fine and gross motor control), and visuoconstructive–visuospatial domain (low scores in spatial location, block design, and object as-sembly). These neuropsychological domains are also affected in young adults, except for language (adequate verbal fluency) and visuoconstructive–visuospatial domain (no data). The onset and severity of neuropsychological sequelae in patients with treated CH depend on several factors: extrinsic, related to L-T4 treatment and social aspects, and intrinsic, such as severity and etiology of CH, as well as structural and physiological changes in the brain. In this review, we hypothesized that thyroid hormone hyposensitivity (THH) could also contribute to neuropsychological alterations by reducing the effectiveness of L-T4 treatment in the brain. Thus, further research could approach the THH hypothesis at basic and clinical levels to implement new endocrinological and neuropsychological therapies for CH patients.
AB - Eighty-five percent of the studies of patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) treated with Levothyroxine (L-T4) report neuropsychological sequelae throughout life. In neonates and infants, there is a deficit in sensorimotor skills (impaired balance). In preschool and elementary school children and adolescents, there are alterations in intellectual quotient (low scores), language (delayed phonological acquisition), memory (visual, verbal, visuospatial, visuoconstructive, au-tobiographical, and semantic), sensorimotor skills (impaired fine and gross motor control), and visuoconstructive–visuospatial domain (low scores in spatial location, block design, and object as-sembly). These neuropsychological domains are also affected in young adults, except for language (adequate verbal fluency) and visuoconstructive–visuospatial domain (no data). The onset and severity of neuropsychological sequelae in patients with treated CH depend on several factors: extrinsic, related to L-T4 treatment and social aspects, and intrinsic, such as severity and etiology of CH, as well as structural and physiological changes in the brain. In this review, we hypothesized that thyroid hormone hyposensitivity (THH) could also contribute to neuropsychological alterations by reducing the effectiveness of L-T4 treatment in the brain. Thus, further research could approach the THH hypothesis at basic and clinical levels to implement new endocrinological and neuropsychological therapies for CH patients.
KW - IQ
KW - adolescents
KW - infants
KW - language
KW - learning
KW - memory
KW - preschoolers
KW - school children
KW - sensorimotor
KW - visuoconstructive
KW - visuospatial
KW - young adults
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132071898&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/jcm11123427
DO - 10.3390/jcm11123427
M3 - Artículo de revisión
C2 - 35743497
AN - SCOPUS:85132071898
SN - 2077-0383
VL - 11
JO - Journal of Clinical Medicine
JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine
IS - 12
M1 - 3427
ER -