TY - JOUR
T1 - Mortality in the initial ontogeny of Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (Actinopterygii, Perciformes, Serranidae) caused by Chattonella spp. (Raphidophyceae)
AU - Pérez-Morales, Alfredo
AU - Band-Schmidt, Christine J.
AU - Ortíz-Galindo, José L.
AU - Sobrino-Figueroa, Alma S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments This research was supported by several institutional projects (SIP 2012-1152, 2013-0942), and by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT projects SEP 61226). APM is fellow of Dirección General de Asuntos de Personal Académico (DGAPA-UNAM); CJBS is fellow of the Comisión de Operación y Fomento de Actividades Académicas (COFFA) and the Programa de Estímulos al Desempeño de los Investigadores (EDI) of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Authors thank M. R. Pacheco-Chávez, J. M. Martínez-Brown, and J. I. Velázquez-Abunader for technical assistance. We also thank Dr. D. W. Johnson for English language editing.
PY - 2014/1
Y1 - 2014/1
N2 - Fish are particularly sensitive to metabolites produced by Raphidophyte species and these have caused intensive fish kills in several countries. However, the effects on embryos of marine fish are unknown but could probably provoke an important impact on new stock recruitment and hence on fisheries. We evaluated the toxic effects of Chattonella spp. strains from the Gulf of California on three development stages of spotted sand bass (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus): embryo in segmentation stage (ES), embryo (EM), and eleutheroembryo (EL). Embryos (ES) were exposed to different cell concentrations of Chattonella subsalsa, Chattonella marina, Prorocentrum micans, and f/2 medium as control. Also, one set of embryos was tested with cell-free media for C. subsalsa cultures. Incubation lasted until embryos reached apterolarva phase. The ES was the most sensitive stage reaching 98% mortality with C. subsalsa, followed by cell-free media of C. subsalsa cultures, with mortalities close to 90%, whereas EM and EL phases presented mortalities below 60%. This work demonstrates that larval stages of P. maculatofasciatus are highly sensitive to short time exposure to all Chattonella spp. strains tested, that direct physical contact with cells is not required to cause mortality, and that the toxic effect is more pronounced when embryos hatch.
AB - Fish are particularly sensitive to metabolites produced by Raphidophyte species and these have caused intensive fish kills in several countries. However, the effects on embryos of marine fish are unknown but could probably provoke an important impact on new stock recruitment and hence on fisheries. We evaluated the toxic effects of Chattonella spp. strains from the Gulf of California on three development stages of spotted sand bass (Paralabrax maculatofasciatus): embryo in segmentation stage (ES), embryo (EM), and eleutheroembryo (EL). Embryos (ES) were exposed to different cell concentrations of Chattonella subsalsa, Chattonella marina, Prorocentrum micans, and f/2 medium as control. Also, one set of embryos was tested with cell-free media for C. subsalsa cultures. Incubation lasted until embryos reached apterolarva phase. The ES was the most sensitive stage reaching 98% mortality with C. subsalsa, followed by cell-free media of C. subsalsa cultures, with mortalities close to 90%, whereas EM and EL phases presented mortalities below 60%. This work demonstrates that larval stages of P. maculatofasciatus are highly sensitive to short time exposure to all Chattonella spp. strains tested, that direct physical contact with cells is not required to cause mortality, and that the toxic effect is more pronounced when embryos hatch.
KW - Chattonella spp.
KW - Embryos
KW - Mortality
KW - Paralabrax maculatofasciatus
KW - Toxicity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84888288880&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10750-013-1707-2
DO - 10.1007/s10750-013-1707-2
M3 - Artículo
SN - 0018-8158
VL - 722
SP - 247
EP - 261
JO - Hydrobiologia
JF - Hydrobiologia
IS - 1
ER -