TY - JOUR
T1 - Major and trace elements in zooplankton from the Northern Gulf of California during summer
AU - Rentería-Cano, Margarita Elena
AU - Sánchez-Velasco, Laura
AU - Shumilin, Evgueni
AU - Lavín, Miguel F.
AU - Gómez-Gutiérrez, Jaime
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments This work was funded by CONACyT–Ciencia Básica research projects CB-2005-01-50421 and 2008-105922, and by CGPI-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (research projects 20090578 and 20100670). We thank Alma Rosa Padilla (Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) for her help in the acquisition of physical data, and Carlos Cabrera (CICESE) for his help in the analysis of satellite SST and chlorophyll a images.
PY - 2011/9
Y1 - 2011/9
N2 - We report the distribution of major and trace element concentrations in epipelagic zooplankton collected in the Northern Gulf of California in August 2003. The Bray-Curtis index defined three element assemblages in zooplankton: (1) major metals, which included only two elements, Na (3.6-17.0%) and Ca (1.0-4.8%). Na had its highest concentrations in the shallow tidally mixed Upper Gulf, where high salinity, temperature, and zooplankton biomass (dominated by copepods) prevailed. Ca showed its highest concentrations south of Ballenas Channel, characterized by tidal mixing and convergenceinduced upwelling, indicated by low sea-surface temperature, salinity, and zooplankton biomass; (2) Six biological essential elements, like Fe (80-9,100 mg kg -1) and Zn (20- 2,570 mg kg -1), were detected in high concentrations in zooplankton collected near Guaymas Basin, which had high surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentrations. (3) Metals of terrigenous origin, such as Sc (0.01-1.4 mg kg -1) and Th (0.03-2.3 mg kg -1), and redox-sensitive metals, like Co (3-23.8 mg kg -1); this was the assemblage with the largest number of elements (15). Both types of elements of assemblage 3 had maximum concentrations in the cyclonic eddy that dominates the summer circulation in the Northern region. We concluded that sediment resuspension by tidal mixing in the Upper Gulf, upwelling south of Ballenas Channel, and the cyclonic eddy were key oceanographic features that affected the element concentrations of epipelagic zooplankton in the Northern Gulf of California. Oceanographic mechanisms such as these may contribute to element incorporation in marine organisms in other seas.
AB - We report the distribution of major and trace element concentrations in epipelagic zooplankton collected in the Northern Gulf of California in August 2003. The Bray-Curtis index defined three element assemblages in zooplankton: (1) major metals, which included only two elements, Na (3.6-17.0%) and Ca (1.0-4.8%). Na had its highest concentrations in the shallow tidally mixed Upper Gulf, where high salinity, temperature, and zooplankton biomass (dominated by copepods) prevailed. Ca showed its highest concentrations south of Ballenas Channel, characterized by tidal mixing and convergenceinduced upwelling, indicated by low sea-surface temperature, salinity, and zooplankton biomass; (2) Six biological essential elements, like Fe (80-9,100 mg kg -1) and Zn (20- 2,570 mg kg -1), were detected in high concentrations in zooplankton collected near Guaymas Basin, which had high surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentrations. (3) Metals of terrigenous origin, such as Sc (0.01-1.4 mg kg -1) and Th (0.03-2.3 mg kg -1), and redox-sensitive metals, like Co (3-23.8 mg kg -1); this was the assemblage with the largest number of elements (15). Both types of elements of assemblage 3 had maximum concentrations in the cyclonic eddy that dominates the summer circulation in the Northern region. We concluded that sediment resuspension by tidal mixing in the Upper Gulf, upwelling south of Ballenas Channel, and the cyclonic eddy were key oceanographic features that affected the element concentrations of epipelagic zooplankton in the Northern Gulf of California. Oceanographic mechanisms such as these may contribute to element incorporation in marine organisms in other seas.
KW - Gulf of California
KW - Instrumental neutron activation analysis
KW - Mexico
KW - Trace and major elements
KW - Zooplankton
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80051799950&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12011-010-8820-0
DO - 10.1007/s12011-010-8820-0
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 20820942
SN - 0163-4984
VL - 142
SP - 848
EP - 864
JO - Biological Trace Element Research
JF - Biological Trace Element Research
IS - 3
ER -