TY - JOUR
T1 - Levetiracetam Mechanisms of Action
T2 - From Molecules to Systems
AU - Contreras-García, Itzel Jatziri
AU - Cárdenas-Rodríguez, Noemí
AU - Romo-Mancillas, Antonio
AU - Bandala, Cindy
AU - Zamudio, Sergio R.
AU - Gómez-Manzo, Saúl
AU - Hernández-Ochoa, Beatriz
AU - Mendoza-Torreblanca, Julieta Griselda
AU - Pichardo-Macías, Luz Adriana
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/4
Y1 - 2022/4
N2 - Epilepsy is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are used to control seizures. Even though parts of their mechanisms of action are known, there are still components that need to be studied. Therefore, the search for novel drugs, new molecular targets, and a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of existing drugs is still crucial. Levetiracetam (LEV) is an AED that has been shown to be effective in seizure control and is well-tolerable, with a novel mechanism of action through an interaction with the synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A). Moreover, LEV has other molecular targets that involve calcium homeostasis, the GABAergic system, and AMPA receptors among others, that might be integrated into a single mechanism of action that could explain the antiepileptogenic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antioxidant properties of LEV. This puts it as a possible multitarget drug with clinical applications other than for epilepsy. According to the above, the objective of this work was to carry out a comprehensive and integrative review of LEV in relation to its clinical uses, structural properties, therapeutical targets, and different molecular, genetic, and systemic action mechanisms in order to consider LEV as a candidate for drug repurposing.
AB - Epilepsy is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are used to control seizures. Even though parts of their mechanisms of action are known, there are still components that need to be studied. Therefore, the search for novel drugs, new molecular targets, and a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of existing drugs is still crucial. Levetiracetam (LEV) is an AED that has been shown to be effective in seizure control and is well-tolerable, with a novel mechanism of action through an interaction with the synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A). Moreover, LEV has other molecular targets that involve calcium homeostasis, the GABAergic system, and AMPA receptors among others, that might be integrated into a single mechanism of action that could explain the antiepileptogenic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antioxidant properties of LEV. This puts it as a possible multitarget drug with clinical applications other than for epilepsy. According to the above, the objective of this work was to carry out a comprehensive and integrative review of LEV in relation to its clinical uses, structural properties, therapeutical targets, and different molecular, genetic, and systemic action mechanisms in order to consider LEV as a candidate for drug repurposing.
KW - GABAergic system
KW - SV2A
KW - antiepileptic drugs
KW - calcium homeostasis
KW - levetiracetam
KW - neuroinflammation
KW - neuroprotection
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129121726&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ph15040475
DO - 10.3390/ph15040475
M3 - Artículo de revisión
C2 - 35455472
AN - SCOPUS:85129121726
SN - 1424-8247
VL - 15
JO - Pharmaceuticals
JF - Pharmaceuticals
IS - 4
M1 - 475
ER -