TY - JOUR
T1 - Intranasal Methylprednisolone Ameliorates Neuroinflammation Induced by Chronic Toluene Exposure
AU - Giraldo-Velásquez, Manuel F.
AU - Pérez-Osorio, Nicolas I.
AU - Espinosa-Cerón, Alejandro
AU - Bárcena, Brandon M.
AU - Calderón-Gallegos, Arturo
AU - Fragoso, Gladis
AU - Torres-Ramos, Mónica
AU - Páez-Martínez, Nayeli
AU - Sciutto, Edda
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - Inhalants are chemical substances that induce intoxication, and toluene is the main component of them. Increasing evidence indicates that a dependence on inhalants involves a state of chronic stress associated to the activation of immune cells in the central nervous system and release of proinflammatory mediators, especially in some brain areas such as the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex, where the circuits of pleasure and reward are. In this study, anti-neuroinflammatory treatment based on a single dose of intranasal methylprednisolone was assessed in a murine model of chronic toluene exposure. The levels of proinflammatory mediators, expression levels of Iba-1 and GFAP, and histological changes in the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens were evaluated after the treatment. The chronic exposure to toluene significantly increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and NO, the expression of GFAP, and induced histological alterations in mouse brains. The treatment with intranasally administered MP significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and NO and the expression of GFAP (p < 0.05); additionally, it reversed the central histological damage. These results indicate that intranasally administered methylprednisolone could be considered as a treatment to reverse neuroinflammation and histological damages associated with the use of inhalants.
AB - Inhalants are chemical substances that induce intoxication, and toluene is the main component of them. Increasing evidence indicates that a dependence on inhalants involves a state of chronic stress associated to the activation of immune cells in the central nervous system and release of proinflammatory mediators, especially in some brain areas such as the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex, where the circuits of pleasure and reward are. In this study, anti-neuroinflammatory treatment based on a single dose of intranasal methylprednisolone was assessed in a murine model of chronic toluene exposure. The levels of proinflammatory mediators, expression levels of Iba-1 and GFAP, and histological changes in the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens were evaluated after the treatment. The chronic exposure to toluene significantly increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and NO, the expression of GFAP, and induced histological alterations in mouse brains. The treatment with intranasally administered MP significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and NO and the expression of GFAP (p < 0.05); additionally, it reversed the central histological damage. These results indicate that intranasally administered methylprednisolone could be considered as a treatment to reverse neuroinflammation and histological damages associated with the use of inhalants.
KW - histological damage
KW - intranasal administration
KW - methylprednisolone
KW - neuroinflammation
KW - toluene
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132006224&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061195
DO - 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061195
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 35745768
SN - 1999-4923
VL - 14
JO - Pharmaceutics
JF - Pharmaceutics
IS - 6
M1 - 1195
ER -