TY - JOUR
T1 - HDAC Inhibition as Neuroprotection in COVID-19 Infection
AU - Sixto-López, Yudibeth
AU - Correa-Basurto, José
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - The SARS-CoV-2 virus is responsible for COVID-19 affecting millions of humans around the world. COVID-19 shows various clinical symptoms (fever, cough, fatigue, diarrhea, body aches, headaches, anosmia, and hyposmia). Approximately 30% of patients with COVID-19 showed neurological symptoms, from mild to severe manifestations including headache, dizziness, impaired consciousness, encephalopathy, anosmia, hypogeusia, and hyposmia, among others. The neurotropism of the SARS-CoV-2 virus explains its neuroinvasion provoking neurological damage such as acute demyelination, neuroinflammation, etc. At the molecular level, the COVID-19 patients had higher levels of cytokines and chemokines known as cytokines storms which disrupt the blood-brain barrier allowing the entrance of monocytes and lymphocytes, causing neuroinflamma-tion, neurodegeneration, and demyelination. In addition, the proinflammatory cytokines have been observed in ischemic, hemorrhagic strokes, seizures, and encephalopathy. In this sense, early neu-roprotective management should be adopted to avoid or decrease neurological damage due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several approaches can be used; one of them includes using HDAC inhibi-tors (HDACi) due to their neuroprotective effects. Also, the HDACi down-regulates the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α decreasing the neurotoxicity. HDACi can also avoid and prevent the entrance of the virus into the central nervous System (CNS) and decrease the virus replication by downregulating the virus receptors. Here we review the mechanisms that could explain how the SARS-CoV-2 virus could reach the CNS, induce neurological damage and symptoms, and the possibility to use HDACi as neuroprotective therapy.
AB - The SARS-CoV-2 virus is responsible for COVID-19 affecting millions of humans around the world. COVID-19 shows various clinical symptoms (fever, cough, fatigue, diarrhea, body aches, headaches, anosmia, and hyposmia). Approximately 30% of patients with COVID-19 showed neurological symptoms, from mild to severe manifestations including headache, dizziness, impaired consciousness, encephalopathy, anosmia, hypogeusia, and hyposmia, among others. The neurotropism of the SARS-CoV-2 virus explains its neuroinvasion provoking neurological damage such as acute demyelination, neuroinflammation, etc. At the molecular level, the COVID-19 patients had higher levels of cytokines and chemokines known as cytokines storms which disrupt the blood-brain barrier allowing the entrance of monocytes and lymphocytes, causing neuroinflamma-tion, neurodegeneration, and demyelination. In addition, the proinflammatory cytokines have been observed in ischemic, hemorrhagic strokes, seizures, and encephalopathy. In this sense, early neu-roprotective management should be adopted to avoid or decrease neurological damage due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several approaches can be used; one of them includes using HDAC inhibi-tors (HDACi) due to their neuroprotective effects. Also, the HDACi down-regulates the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α decreasing the neurotoxicity. HDACi can also avoid and prevent the entrance of the virus into the central nervous System (CNS) and decrease the virus replication by downregulating the virus receptors. Here we review the mechanisms that could explain how the SARS-CoV-2 virus could reach the CNS, induce neurological damage and symptoms, and the possibility to use HDACi as neuroprotective therapy.
KW - CNS
KW - COVID-19
KW - HDAC inhibitors
KW - Neurological symptoms
KW - Neuroprotection
KW - SARS-CoV-2
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85135200877&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2174/1568026622666220303113445
DO - 10.2174/1568026622666220303113445
M3 - Artículo de revisión
C2 - 35240959
AN - SCOPUS:85135200877
SN - 1568-0266
VL - 22
SP - 1369
EP - 1378
JO - Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
JF - Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
IS - 16
ER -