TY - JOUR
T1 - Genotoxic and cytotoxic alterations induced by environmentally-relevant concentrations of amoxicillin in blood cells of Cyprinus carpio
AU - Orozco-Hernández, José Manuel
AU - Gómez Oliván, Leobardo Manuel
AU - Heredia-García, Gerardo
AU - Luja-Mondragón, Marlenee
AU - Islas-Flores, Hariz
AU - SanJuan-Reyes, Nely
AU - Galar-Martínez, Marcela
AU - García-Medina, Sandra
AU - Dublán-García, Octavio
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2019/12
Y1 - 2019/12
N2 - Amoxicillin (AMX) is a pharmaceutical widely employed in human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Its wide production and use has led to this pharmaceutical being released into the environment in concentrations that range from ng L−1 to μg L−1. Previous studies have demonstrated that this antibiotic generates toxic effects, amongst which alterations to embryonic development and oxidative stress in aquatic organisms, is noteworthy. Nonetheless, it is necessary to characterize the risks that this pharmaceutical represents for species of economic interest such as Cyprinus carpio, in a more precise manner. The aim of this work was to demonstrate if AMX, at environmentally-relevant concentrations, is capable of inducing genotoxic/cytotoxic alterations in C. carpio. In order to evaluate genotoxicity, the comet assay and micronucleus test were used; in order to determine cytotoxic effects, caspase-3 activity and the TUNEL assay were carried out. The results showed that the effects of the biomarkers had their maximum at 72 h; considering the DNA damage in the comet assay, 0.039 μg L−1 resulted in a 29% increase compared to control, and 1.67 μg L−1 caused a 40% increase; micronucleus frequency increased by 205% in C1 and by 311% in C2 when compared to control; compared to control, caspase-3 activity increased 262% in C1 and 787% in C2; for the TUNEL assay, DNA fragmentation increased by 86% in C1 and 120% in C2 compared to control. The results showed that environmentally-relevant concentrations, AMX was capable of generating DNA damage and cytotoxic effects in blood cells of the common carp.
AB - Amoxicillin (AMX) is a pharmaceutical widely employed in human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Its wide production and use has led to this pharmaceutical being released into the environment in concentrations that range from ng L−1 to μg L−1. Previous studies have demonstrated that this antibiotic generates toxic effects, amongst which alterations to embryonic development and oxidative stress in aquatic organisms, is noteworthy. Nonetheless, it is necessary to characterize the risks that this pharmaceutical represents for species of economic interest such as Cyprinus carpio, in a more precise manner. The aim of this work was to demonstrate if AMX, at environmentally-relevant concentrations, is capable of inducing genotoxic/cytotoxic alterations in C. carpio. In order to evaluate genotoxicity, the comet assay and micronucleus test were used; in order to determine cytotoxic effects, caspase-3 activity and the TUNEL assay were carried out. The results showed that the effects of the biomarkers had their maximum at 72 h; considering the DNA damage in the comet assay, 0.039 μg L−1 resulted in a 29% increase compared to control, and 1.67 μg L−1 caused a 40% increase; micronucleus frequency increased by 205% in C1 and by 311% in C2 when compared to control; compared to control, caspase-3 activity increased 262% in C1 and 787% in C2; for the TUNEL assay, DNA fragmentation increased by 86% in C1 and 120% in C2 compared to control. The results showed that environmentally-relevant concentrations, AMX was capable of generating DNA damage and cytotoxic effects in blood cells of the common carp.
KW - AMX
KW - Common carp
KW - Cytotoxicity
KW - Environmentally-relevant concentrations
KW - Genotoxicity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85068878911&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.054
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.054
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 31319313
AN - SCOPUS:85068878911
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 236
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
M1 - 124323
ER -
