TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental status of the Gulf of California
T2 - A pollution review
AU - Páez-Osuna, Federico
AU - Álvarez-Borrego, Saúl
AU - Ruiz-Fernández, Ana Carolina
AU - García-Hernández, Jacqueline
AU - Jara-Marini, Martín Enrique
AU - Bergés-Tiznado, Magdalena Elizabeth
AU - Piñón-Gimate, Alejandra
AU - Alonso-Rodríguez, Rosalba
AU - Soto-Jiménez, Martín Federico
AU - Frías-Espericueta, Martín Gabriel
AU - Ruelas-Inzunza, Jorge Ricardo
AU - Green-Ruiz, Carlos René
AU - Osuna-Martínez, Carmen Cristina
AU - Sanchez-Cabeza, Joan Albert
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2017/3/1
Y1 - 2017/3/1
N2 - The Gulf of California (GC) is an unique large ecosystem characterized by its rich biodiversity, high biological productivity and endemism of marine life. However, as many other large ecosystems worldwide, it is subject to diverse anthropogenic pressures (overfishing, climate change, losses of biodiversity and habitats, and pollution). We reviewed over 150 studies dealing with contaminants in water, sediments and representative organisms from the GC, and here we discuss the main issues associated to the presence of metals, metalloids, persistent organic pollutants (POPs, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated diphenyl ethers (deca tri-a) (PBDEs), and several other pesticides), plastics, nutrients and algal blooms. The GC ecosystems have been subject to a wide range of pollution sources. Nevertheless, the pollution levels remain relatively low to moderate depending on the location and contaminant type. Contamination hotspots are found i) for metals and metalloids, in sites where mining spills have occurred and ii) for nutrients and pesticides, in wetlands that receive discharges from intensive agricultural and shrimp farming. We also identified sites where harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been observed. However, numerous coastal environments in GC, affected by pollution sources and events have yet been poorly studied. More detailed, extensive and comprehensive studies on the pollution levels and trends, transfer and toxic effects are still needed.
AB - The Gulf of California (GC) is an unique large ecosystem characterized by its rich biodiversity, high biological productivity and endemism of marine life. However, as many other large ecosystems worldwide, it is subject to diverse anthropogenic pressures (overfishing, climate change, losses of biodiversity and habitats, and pollution). We reviewed over 150 studies dealing with contaminants in water, sediments and representative organisms from the GC, and here we discuss the main issues associated to the presence of metals, metalloids, persistent organic pollutants (POPs, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated diphenyl ethers (deca tri-a) (PBDEs), and several other pesticides), plastics, nutrients and algal blooms. The GC ecosystems have been subject to a wide range of pollution sources. Nevertheless, the pollution levels remain relatively low to moderate depending on the location and contaminant type. Contamination hotspots are found i) for metals and metalloids, in sites where mining spills have occurred and ii) for nutrients and pesticides, in wetlands that receive discharges from intensive agricultural and shrimp farming. We also identified sites where harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been observed. However, numerous coastal environments in GC, affected by pollution sources and events have yet been poorly studied. More detailed, extensive and comprehensive studies on the pollution levels and trends, transfer and toxic effects are still needed.
KW - Algal blooms
KW - Gulf of California
KW - Harmful algal blooms
KW - Macroalgal blooms
KW - Metalloids
KW - Metals
KW - Nitrogen isotopes
KW - Nutrients
KW - Persistent organic pollutants
KW - Pesticides
KW - Plastics
KW - Upwelling
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85011797362&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.01.014
DO - 10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.01.014
M3 - Artículo de revisión
SN - 0012-8252
VL - 166
SP - 181
EP - 205
JO - Earth-Science Reviews
JF - Earth-Science Reviews
ER -