Brain damage induced by contaminants released in a hospital from Mexico: Evaluation of swimming behavior, oxidative stress, and acetylcholinesterase in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Karina Elisa Rosales-Pérez, Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez, Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván, José Manuel Orozco-Hernández, Jesús Daniel Cardoso-Vera, Gerardo Heredia-García, Hariz Islas-Flores, Sandra García-Medina, Marcela Galar-Martínez

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

Several studies have indicated that hospital effluents can produce genotoxic and mutagenic effects, cytotoxicity, hematological and histological alterations, embryotoxicity, and oxidative stress in diverse water organisms, but research on the neurotoxic effects hospital wastewater materials can generate in fish is still scarce. To fill the above-described knowledge gap, this study aimed to determine whether the exposure of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to several proportions (0.1%, 2.5%, 3.5%) of a hospital effluent can disrupt behavior or impair redox status and acetylcholinesterase content in the brain. After 96 h of exposure to the effluent, we observed a decrease in total distance traveled and an increase in frozen time compared to the control group. Moreover, we also observed a significant increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species in the brains of the fish, especially in hydroperoxide and protein carbonyl content, relative to the control group. Our results also demonstrated that hospital effluents significantly inhibited the activity of the AChE enzyme in the brains of the fish. Our Pearson correlation demonstrated that the response to acetylcholinesterase at the lowest proportions (0.1% and 2.5%) is positively related to the oxidative stress response and the behavioral changes observed. The cohort of our studies demonstrated that the exposure of adult zebrafish to a hospital effluent induced oxidative stress and decreased acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain of these freshwater organisms, which can lead to alterations in their behavior.

Original languageEnglish
Article number133791
JournalChemosphere
Volume294
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2022

Keywords

  • Behavior
  • Hospital wastewater
  • Neurotransmitters
  • Oxidative status
  • Zebrafish

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