TY - JOUR
T1 - Bio-guided study of the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and free-radical scavenging capacity of the leaves of Rhus virens Lindh. ex A. Gray and its possible mechanism of antinociception
AU - Vargas-Ruiz, Rodrigo
AU - Montiel-Ruiz, Rosa Mariana
AU - Zamilpa, Alejandro
AU - Gonzalez-Cortazar, Manases
AU - Herrera-Ruiz, Maribel Lucila
AU - Molina-Cabrera, Jaqueline
AU - Juárez-Aragón, María Cruz
AU - Flores-Murrieta, Francisco Javier
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022
PY - 2023/1/10
Y1 - 2023/1/10
N2 - Ethnopharmacological relevance: Rhus genus is commonly known as sumac and widely used in the folk medicine. Rhus virens is a plant commonly used to treat diabetes or pain in the northern territory of Mexico. Even though R. virens is used in the folk medicine there is still a lack of evidence about the pharmacological effect of this species. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of R. virens through a bio-guided chemical separation. Materials and methods: The aqueous, methanolic, and hexane extract of R. virens were obtained and tested in the formalin test, TPA-induced ear edema, and DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assay. Also, possible interaction of pain pathways was studied using naloxone, bicuculline, L-NAME, ODQ, and glibenclamide in the formalin test in mice. Results: Rhus virens methanolic extract (30 mg/kg, p.o.) produced higher antinociceptive activity in both the early and late phases of the formalin test (35.0 and 52.9%, respectively). Also, pre-administration with naloxone, bicuculline, L-NAME, ODQ and glibenclamide prevented the antinociceptive effect of R. virens in the early phase of the formalin test. Meanwhile, only naloxone and bicuculline prevented the antinociceptive effect on the late phase of the formalin test. Chemical separation of methanolic extract allowed to isolate 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-glucopyranose (PGG), it was tested in the formalin test, producing an antinociceptive effect on the late phase of the formalin test. On the other hand, topical application of the derivatives of R. virens methanolic extract produced an anti-inflammatory effect in the TPA-induced ear edema, being PGG an anti-inflammatory molecule. Lastly, radical scavenging activity was higher in the extracts of higher polarity, comparable to the standard used Camellia sinensis. Conclusions: In conclusion, R. virens produce an antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and free-radical scavenging activity. The antinociceptive effect could be related to the opioidergic, GABAergic, and NO-GMPc-K + ATP channels pathways. These effects could be partially produced by the presence of PGG.
AB - Ethnopharmacological relevance: Rhus genus is commonly known as sumac and widely used in the folk medicine. Rhus virens is a plant commonly used to treat diabetes or pain in the northern territory of Mexico. Even though R. virens is used in the folk medicine there is still a lack of evidence about the pharmacological effect of this species. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of R. virens through a bio-guided chemical separation. Materials and methods: The aqueous, methanolic, and hexane extract of R. virens were obtained and tested in the formalin test, TPA-induced ear edema, and DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assay. Also, possible interaction of pain pathways was studied using naloxone, bicuculline, L-NAME, ODQ, and glibenclamide in the formalin test in mice. Results: Rhus virens methanolic extract (30 mg/kg, p.o.) produced higher antinociceptive activity in both the early and late phases of the formalin test (35.0 and 52.9%, respectively). Also, pre-administration with naloxone, bicuculline, L-NAME, ODQ and glibenclamide prevented the antinociceptive effect of R. virens in the early phase of the formalin test. Meanwhile, only naloxone and bicuculline prevented the antinociceptive effect on the late phase of the formalin test. Chemical separation of methanolic extract allowed to isolate 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-glucopyranose (PGG), it was tested in the formalin test, producing an antinociceptive effect on the late phase of the formalin test. On the other hand, topical application of the derivatives of R. virens methanolic extract produced an anti-inflammatory effect in the TPA-induced ear edema, being PGG an anti-inflammatory molecule. Lastly, radical scavenging activity was higher in the extracts of higher polarity, comparable to the standard used Camellia sinensis. Conclusions: In conclusion, R. virens produce an antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and free-radical scavenging activity. The antinociceptive effect could be related to the opioidergic, GABAergic, and NO-GMPc-K + ATP channels pathways. These effects could be partially produced by the presence of PGG.
KW - Anti-inflammatory effect
KW - Antinociceptive effect
KW - Antioxidant activity
KW - GABA
KW - Opioids
KW - Rhus virens
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85139054988&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115756
DO - 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115756
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 36170958
AN - SCOPUS:85139054988
SN - 0378-8741
VL - 300
JO - Journal of Ethnopharmacology
JF - Journal of Ethnopharmacology
M1 - 115756
ER -