Antimutagenic properties of affinin isolated from Heliopsis longipes extract

Context: Heliopsis longipes (A. Gray) Blake (Asteraceae), commonly known in Mexico as "chilcuage" or "chilcuan", is widely used as an analgesic and anesthetic agent. Affinin, the major metabolite of this plant, and the ethanol extract of the plant have shown antinociceptive properties in mice. H. longipes plant produces a complex mixture of antioxidant chlorophylls and polyamines as well as a number of possible antimutagens. Objective: The current study evaluated the potential utilization of the natural product affinin isolated from H. longipes ethanol extract as an antimutagenic and possibly anticarcinogenic agent. Materials and methods: The Ames assay was used to assess the mutagenic properties of affinin (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/plate) that was added to several mutagens with or without S9 metabolic activation in Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100 and TA102 strains). Results: Heliopsis longipes extract and affinin were not toxic as a reduction in the number of His revertant bacteria colonies. Affinin (25 and 50 mg/plate) significantly reduced the frameshift mutations that were generated by 2-aminoanthracene (2AA) (40%) and reduced the oxidative DNA damage generated by norfloxacin (NOR) (37-50%). Affinin possessed antioxidant properties that were able to reduce 2AA- and NOR-induced mutations in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA102, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: Affinin, the principal metabolite of H. longipes, is not mutagenic and possesses antimutagenic activity. These plants are currently used to treat some pain symptoms in Mexico; and antimutagen activity determined could be important to treat some pain symptoms related to antiradical activity.