TY - JOUR
T1 - Altered neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis treated with and without an immunomodulator in puppies
AU - Muñoz, Adriana I.
AU - Maldonado-García, José Luis
AU - Fragozo, Ana
AU - Vallejo-Castillo, Luis
AU - Lucas-Gonzalez, Amellalli
AU - Trejo-Martínez, Ismael
AU - Pavón, Lenin
AU - Pérez-Sánchez, Gilberto
AU - Cobos-Marin, Laura
AU - Pérez-Tapia, Sonia Mayra
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Muñoz, Maldonado-García, Fragozo, Vallejo-Castillo, Lucas-Gonzalez, Trejo-Martínez, Pavón, Pérez-Sánchez, Cobos-Marin and Pérez-Tapia.
PY - 2022/11/8
Y1 - 2022/11/8
N2 - Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cheap and easy-to-obtain biomarker that mirrors the balance between innate and adaptive immunity. Cortisol and catecholamines have been identified as major drivers of NLR. High cortisol levels increase neutrophils while simultaneously decreasing lymphocyte counts. Likewise, endogenous catecholamines may cause leukocytosis and lymphopenia. Thus, NLR allows us to monitor patient severity in conditions such as sepsis. Twenty-six puppies with sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis were treated with and without an immunomodulator. Our group determined the NLR and the plasmatic cortisol levels by chemiluminescence, and norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) by HPLC during the first 72 h of clinical follow-up. Our results showed that at admission puppies presented an NLR value of 1.8, cortisol of 314.9 nmol/L, NE 3.7, and E 3.3 pmol/mL. Both treatments decreased admission NLR values after 24 h of treatment. However, only the puppies treated with the immunomodulator (I) remained without significant changes in NLR (0.7–1.4) compared to the CT group, and that showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) in their NLR value (0.4–4.6). In addition, we found significant differences in the slope values between the admission and final values of NLR (P < 0.005), cortisol (P < 0.02), and E (P < 0.05) between treatments. Then, our data suggest that the immunomodulator positively affects the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils involved in NLR as well as major drivers like cortisol and epinephrine, which is reflected in clinical parameters and survival.
AB - Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cheap and easy-to-obtain biomarker that mirrors the balance between innate and adaptive immunity. Cortisol and catecholamines have been identified as major drivers of NLR. High cortisol levels increase neutrophils while simultaneously decreasing lymphocyte counts. Likewise, endogenous catecholamines may cause leukocytosis and lymphopenia. Thus, NLR allows us to monitor patient severity in conditions such as sepsis. Twenty-six puppies with sepsis secondary to canine parvoviral enteritis were treated with and without an immunomodulator. Our group determined the NLR and the plasmatic cortisol levels by chemiluminescence, and norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) by HPLC during the first 72 h of clinical follow-up. Our results showed that at admission puppies presented an NLR value of 1.8, cortisol of 314.9 nmol/L, NE 3.7, and E 3.3 pmol/mL. Both treatments decreased admission NLR values after 24 h of treatment. However, only the puppies treated with the immunomodulator (I) remained without significant changes in NLR (0.7–1.4) compared to the CT group, and that showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) in their NLR value (0.4–4.6). In addition, we found significant differences in the slope values between the admission and final values of NLR (P < 0.005), cortisol (P < 0.02), and E (P < 0.05) between treatments. Then, our data suggest that the immunomodulator positively affects the number of lymphocytes and neutrophils involved in NLR as well as major drivers like cortisol and epinephrine, which is reflected in clinical parameters and survival.
KW - canine parvoviral enteritis
KW - cortisol
KW - epinephrine
KW - human dialyzable leucocytes extract
KW - lymphocytes
KW - neutrophils
KW - norepinephrine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85142339132&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fvets.2022.995443
DO - 10.3389/fvets.2022.995443
M3 - Artículo
C2 - 36425123
AN - SCOPUS:85142339132
SN - 2297-1769
VL - 9
JO - Frontiers in Veterinary Science
JF - Frontiers in Veterinary Science
M1 - 995443
ER -